warum » immodesty to offend

When Paul first arrived in Corinth in the middle of his second missionary journey Cheap Nikola Mirotic Jersey , Acts 18:2-3 reports that he joined Aquila and Priscilla in the occupation of making tents. This fits in well with what Paul himself wrote at about that same time. For example, in 1 Thess. 1:9, he says: "Surely you remember, brothers, our toil and hardship; we worked night and day in order not to be a burden to anyone while we preached the gospel of God to you." Similarly, in 2 Thess. 3:7-8, Paul states: "We were not idle when we were with you, nor did we eat any one's food without paying for it. On the contrary Cheap Robin Lopez Jersey , we worked night and day, laboring and toiling so that we would not be a burden to any of you.?


Paul made both of these statements while still in Corinth. Shortly after having left Corinth, toward the end of the third missionary journey, Paul describes his apostolic right to be supported by those he has benefited spiritually (1 Cor. 9). He asks the ironic, rhetorical question, "Or is it only I and Barnabas who must work for a living?" (1 Cor. 9: 6).


According to Jerome Murphy-O'Connor: At first sight the trade of tentmaker with appear particularly inappropriate for one whose ministry focused on cities, but there was a tendency among artisans of the period to use specialized titles, even when there were actually covered a much broader range? Cheap Kris Dunn Jersey , much in the same way as a carpenter of today will sometimes describe himself as a cabinet-maker. Paul was in all probability a leather-worker who could turn his hand to the production of the wide variety of articles made of this material: [sandals], gourds for water and wine, harness, saddles, shields, etc. Tents were also made from leather and a ready market would have existed at Corinth (St. Paul's Corinth: Texts and Archaeology, 168). One reason this is true is because the Isthmian Games were held at nearby Isthmia. Second only to the Olympic Games themselves among the four great Panhellenic games, the Isthmian Games were held twice as often as the others Cheap Lauri Markkanen Jersey , every two years. By the time Paul arrived in Corinth, the Isthmian Games were 500 years old. They had not been interrupted even during the century that its traditional host Corinth lay virtually abandoned (146-44 B.C.).


At about the time Paul arrive in Corinth, 50 C.E., the games were moved back to Isthmia from Corinth. Another festival, the Caesarean Games, was held concurrently with every other occurrence of the Isthmian Games. It featured its own venue of events. Throngs of people from all over the Roman Empire flocked to Isthmia, either to participate in or to watch the competitions. According to Dio, a contemporary of Paul (in his Orations 8.12) Cheap Cameron Payne Jersey , the basic athletic events of the Isthmian Games included foot races, wrestling, jumping, boxing, hurling the javelin, and throwing the discus.


At one time or another in the history of the games, additional events included horse racing, chariot races Cheap Zach LaVine Jersey , poetry reading, drama, singing, heralding, playing the lyre and the flute, and a painting competition. Yacht races in the nearby Saronic Gulf gave the games a feature not found at Olympia, Delphi, or Nemea. Events were scheduled for women as well as men Cheap Bobby Portis Jersey , and also for children. Large amounts of money changed hands, not only from the gamblers who won and lost, but also from those who showered gifts upon the victors.


Excavations of Isthmia began in 1883 under Paul Monceaux. They were renewed in 1930 by B. S. Jenkins and H. Megaw. These early efforts yielded only meager results. Oscar Broneer, however, who excavated the site from 1959 to 1967, uncovered the temple of Poseidon, porticoes, the sanctuary of Palaemon Cheap Dwyane Wade Jersey , two stadiums, one much earlier than the other, and a Hellenistic settlement at nearby ?Rachi.? One of Broneer's assistants, Elizabeth Gebhard, excavated the theater. From 1967 to 1976, P. Clement excavated the Roman baths and other buildings. Ms. Gebhard returned in 1980 and 1989 to excavate the central shrine and a prehistoric settlement at ?Rachi.?


Archaeologists could find no trace of permanent accommodations for the crowds attending the games as early as the First Century C.E. These were only built in the Second Century. Faced with the choice of either having to walk several miles a day to witness the events or purchasing and pitching a tent, hundreds, if not thousands Cheap Doug McDermott Jersey , would prefer the latter. In other words, Corinth may have been one of the best places in the Mediterranean world for Paul to open a tentmaker's shop. Small shops such as his (about 10 feet by 10 feet) lined the marketplaces in Hellenistic cities throughout the Empire.


Did Paul attend the games while he lived in Corinth? We have no way of knowing for sure. The games were opened with a sacrifice to Poseidon as the resident patron deity. In addition, many of the athletic contests were performed in the nude for the men, and women athletes probably wore only the scantiest of outfits. We would expect such immodesty to offend JewishChristian scruples. Yet, Murphy-O'Connor states: It is difficult to decide if Paul himself attended the games. Palestinian Jewish opposition to such spectacles is well documented..., but we cannot assume that the same attitude prevailed in the Diaspora. If Philo felt himself free to attend an all-in wrestling contest (Quod omnis probis, 26) we can be sure that many Hellenized Jews had no compunction about attending the games. Jews had specially reserved seats in the theater at Miletus in western Asia Minor?. (17). What we do know for sure, is that Paul uses familiarity with the games as a source of imagery in his teaching. An examination his speeches and letters in roughly chronological order reveals a number of allusions to athletic competition. (I will make the allusions bold and provide more literal translations when helpful.)


Before arriving in Corinth Cheap Pau Gasol Jersey , in a sermon delivered in Antioch of Pisidia (Acts 13:25), Paul uses ?(race) course